Causation Established and Defined

(a)An element of an offense which requires that the defendant have caused a particular result is established when his conduct is an antecedent but for which the result would not have occurred, and,

(1)if the offense requires that the defendant intentionally or knowingly caused the result, that the actual result, as it occurred,

(A)is within the purpose of contemplation of the defendant, whether the purpose or contemplation extends to natural events or to the conduct of another, or, if not, COL120106 CH. 4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF L IABILITY

(B)involves the same kind of injury or harm as that designed or contemplated and is not too remote, accidental in its occurrence or dependent on another's volitional act to have a just bearing on the defendant's liability or on the gravity of his offense;

(2)if the offense requires that the defendant recklessly or negligently cause the result, that the actual result, as it occurred,

(A)is within the risk of which the defendant was or should have been aware, whether that risk extends to natural events or to the conduct of another, or, if not,

(B)involves the same kind of injury or harm as that recklessly or negligently risked and is not too remote, accidental in its occurrence or dependent on another's volitional act to have a just bearing on the defendant's liability or on the gravity of his offense;

(3)if the offense imposes strict liability, that the actual result, as it occurred, is a probably consequence of the defendant's conduct.

(b)A defendant shall not be relieved of responsibility for causing a result if the only difference between what actually occurred and what was designed, contemplated or risked is that a different person or property was injured or affected or that a less serious or less extensive injury or harm occurred.